Argument

Introduction

An Argument in literature is a fundamental element in persuasive writing and speech. It is constructed from a series of statements logically connected to establish a position or persuade the audience of its validity. This literary device is not just about two characters or sides disagreeing; it involves presenting reasons and evidence to support a claim, leading to a conclusion based on that reasoning.

The use of an argument can be seen across genres, from persuasive essays and opinion articles to speeches and debates. It is integral in convincing the reader or listener by appealing to their logic, emotions, or ethical beliefs.

Pronunciation:
/’ɑrɡjʊmənt/

When do writers use Argument?

Writers employ the Argument literary device whenever they need to convince or persuade the audience about a particular point of view. This tool is essential in essays, persuasive speeches, critical analyses, and any form of writing where the goal is to influence the reader’s thoughts or actions.

By building a strong argument, writers can effectively communicate their stance on complex issues, defend their perspective against criticism, or advocate for a cause. The strategic placement of an argument helps in enhancing the persuasive impact of the narrative, making it a powerful technique in both fictional and non-fictional contexts.

How should I use Argument literary device?

To use the Argument literary device effectively, follow these guidelines:

1. State Your Claim: Begin with a clear and concise statement of your main argument or thesis.
2. Provide Evidence: Support your claim with relevant facts, examples, statistics, or quotes from credible sources.
3. Explain the Evidence: Describe how your evidence supports your claim and why it is significant.
4. Address Counterarguments: Acknowledge and refute opposing views logically and respectfully. This not only shows a thorough understanding of the topic but also strengthens your position.
5. Conclude Effectively: Summarize your argument and reiterate the importance of your claim, leaving the reader with a strong impression of your stance.

Using these steps, you can construct an argument that is both compelling and convincing, making your writing more effective and impactful.

Types of Argument

Arguments in literature and rhetoric can generally be categorized into three main types, each serving a distinct purpose in persuasion and debate:

1. Deductive Argument: This type starts with a general statement or hypothesis and proceeds to a specific conclusion based on logical reasoning. If the premises are true and the logic is valid, the conclusion is also true. A classic example is the syllogism format: “All men are mortal; Socrates is a man; therefore, Socrates is mortal.”
2. Inductive Argument: Inductive arguments begin with specific observations or examples and then draw general conclusions from them. These are more about probability rather than certainty. For example, if numerous instances of a phenomenon are observed under certain conditions, one might conclude a general rule applying to all similar conditions.
3. Abductive Argument: Also known as inference to the best explanation, abductive arguments start with an observation and then seek out the simplest and most likely explanation. This type doesn’t ensure the conclusion’s correctness but suggests that it fits the evidence better than other hypotheses.

These types help structure arguments to ensure clarity and effectiveness in presenting ideas, each suited to different rhetorical and literary needs.

Argument in Literature

Literary works often utilize arguments to drive their narratives or convey their themes. Here are some famous examples of argument in literature:

1. “To Kill a Mockingbird” by Harper Lee: Atticus Finch’s courtroom defense is a compelling argument about racial injustice and the integrity of the law.
2. “Animal Farm” by George Orwell: Throughout the novel, characters like Squealer use argument to manipulate other animals into believing the pigs’ leadership is just and fair.
3. “The Crucible” by Arthur Miller: Characters use arguments to accuse others of witchcraft, highlighting the dangers of hysteria and false allegations.

These examples showcase how arguments can be used to explore complex social issues and human behaviors.

Argument in Children’s Books

Arguments in children’s books are often presented in simpler forms to teach moral lessons or resolve conflicts. Here are some notable examples:

1. “The True Story of the 3 Little Pigs” by Jon Scieszka: This book presents a retelling of the classic tale from the wolf’s perspective, arguing his innocence and misunderstanding.
2. “Green Eggs and Ham” by Dr. Seuss: Through persuasive argument, Sam-I-Am spends the entire book trying to convince the other character to try green eggs and ham.
3. “Don’t Let the Pigeon Drive the Bus!” by Mo Willems: The pigeon makes various humorous arguments trying to persuade the reader to let him drive the bus.

These examples highlight how arguments can be woven into stories to engage young readers and teach them about persuasion.

Argument in Poetry

Argument in poetry often revolves around the use of persuasive language to convey emotions or persuade the reader about a certain viewpoint. Famous examples include:

1. “The Raven” by Edgar Allan Poe: The poem’s narrative can be seen as an argument with oneself about the nature of grief and loss.
2. “Ozymandias” by Percy Bysshe Shelley: This poem argues about the fleeting nature of power and legacy, demonstrated through the ironic observation of a ruined statue.
3. “The Tyger” by William Blake: Through a series of rhetorical questions, Blake argues about the complexities of creation and existence.

Poetry uses argument to deepen thematic exploration and to engage readers on an emotional and intellectual level.

Argument in Songs

Songs often utilize argumentative techniques to convey messages, persuade listeners, or tell a story. Here are ten famous examples of argument in songs:

1. “Blowin’ in the Wind” by Bob Dylan – Questions posed about peace, freedom, and justice serve as an argument for change.
2. “The Times They Are A-Changin’” by Bob Dylan – Urges listeners to acknowledge and participate in societal changes.
3. “Fight the Power” by Public Enemy – A strong argument against racial injustice and inequality.
4. “Dear Mr. President” by Pink feat. Indigo Girls – A direct, confrontational song addressing the president about issues like war and poverty.
5. “Alright” by Kendrick Lamar – An anthem of hope and resistance against systemic racism.
6. “Imagine” by John Lennon – Promotes a vision of a peaceful world without materialism, war, or boundaries.
7. “What’s Going On” by Marvin Gaye – A plea for understanding and change amidst civil unrest.
8. “Mercy Mercy Me (The Ecology)” by Marvin Gaye – Arguments about environmental issues and the planet’s degradation.
9. “Same Love” by Macklemore & Ryan Lewis feat. Mary Lambert – Advocates for equality and acceptance in the face of homophobia.
10. “Beds Are Burning” by Midnight Oil – An argument focusing on giving land back to the indigenous people of Australia.

Argument in Movies

Arguments in movies are often key scenes that drive the plot or define characters. Here are some famous examples:

1. “12 Angry Men” – The entire film is an extended argument among jurors over the guilt or innocence of a defendant.
2. “To Kill a Mockingbird” – Atticus Finch’s courtroom speech is a powerful argument against racial prejudice.
3. “A Few Good Men” – The intense courtroom exchange, “You can’t handle the truth!”, showcases a clash of ethical perspectives.
4. “The Social Network” – Multiple scenes depict legal arguments over the ownership and creation of Facebook.
5. “Erin Brockovich” – Erin’s arguments against the Pacific Gas and Electric Company highlight social justice and corporate malfeasance.
6. “Philadelphia” – Courtroom arguments addressing AIDS discrimination and homophobia.
7. “My Cousin Vinny” – Humorous yet clever legal arguments that play out in a murder trial.
8. “Inception” – Arguments about the nature of reality and dreams within the plot’s complex structure.
9. “The Godfather” – Various strategic arguments within the crime family on business decisions and power.
10. “JFK” – Legal and investigative arguments about the assassination of President Kennedy.

Recite a Famous Movie Line Highlighting Argument

One of the most iconic lines that encapsulate an argument in film is from “A Few Good Men”:

“You can’t handle the truth!”

YouTube Link of Movie Clip Demonstrating Argument

Here is a YouTube link to a clip that demonstrates a powerful argument from the movie “A Few Good Men”:

Watch “You Can’t Handle the Truth!” Scene on YouTube

Argument in Advertising

Arguments in advertising are used to persuade consumers to believe in a product or service. Here are some famous examples:

1. “Got Milk?” – Uses a variety of scenarios to argue the necessity of having milk at home.
2. “Just Do It” by Nike – Encourages consumers to transcend their limits.
3. “Think Different” by Apple – Argues that Apple products are for innovative and creative individuals.
4. “Share a Coke” by Coca-Cola – An argument that sharing a Coke can bring people together.
5. “Don’t Leave Home Without It” by American Express – Makes an argument for the essential nature of the card when traveling or making purchases.

Argument Related Literary Devices

There are several literary devices related to the formation and use of arguments in literature and rhetoric:

1. Ethos: Establishes the credibility of the speaker or writer.
2. Pathos: Appeals to the audience’s emotions.
3. Logos: Uses logical reasoning and evidence to support an argument.
4. Anaphora: Repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses, often used to emphasize a point in an argument.
5. Rhetorical Question: A question asked for effect, not requiring an answer, often used to start or emphasize an argument.
6. Counterargument: Addressing the opposing viewpoint and refuting it to strengthen the original argument.

Understanding and utilizing these devices can enhance the effectiveness of arguments in various forms of communication.