Underground is a captivating film directed by Emir Kusturica. This multi-layered story, set against the backdrop of Yugoslavia’s tumultuous history, blends dark humor, political allegory , and rich symbolism . The film’s unique narrative style and complex characters make it a treasure trove for literary analysis.
Metaphor
Movie Scene Device Example The hidden underground shelter scenes Represents the hidden truths and realities of war. The animals in the zoo escaping during the bombing Symbolizes the chaos and loss of control during the conflict .
Symbolism
Movie Scene Device Example The opening scene with the brass band playing amidst chaos Symbolizes the resilience and spirit of the people despite turmoil. The hidden tunnel used by the protagonists Represents the unseen struggles and hidden aspects of life under oppression.
Irony
Movie Scene Device Example Characters celebrating a victory that never happened Highlights the absurdity and futility of war. Marko’s betrayal of his friends while pretending to be a hero Underscores the deceit and moral ambiguity in wartime.
Allegory
Movie Scene Device Example The entire underground world Represents the hidden aspects of society and the subconscious. The love triangle amidst the war Serves as a microcosm of the larger political betrayals and alliances.
Foreshadowing
Movie Scene Device Example Early scenes of political unrest Hint at the eventual outbreak of war. Marko’s manipulative behavior Suggests his future betrayals and moral decline.
Juxtaposition
Movie Scene Device Example Scenes of normal life juxtaposed with war scenes Highlights the stark contrast between peace and conflict . Moments of dark humor amidst tragedy Emphasizes the absurdity of the human condition in war.
Satire
Movie Scene Device Example The portrayal of political figures Critiques the incompetence and corruption of leadership. Exaggerated heroism and patriotism Mocks the glorification of war and nationalism.
Flashback
Movie Scene Device Example Marko reminiscing about his past Provides context and depth to his character’s motivations. Characters recalling pre-war times Contrasts the past peace with the present chaos.
Hyperbole
Movie Scene Device Example Over-the-top celebratory scenes Exaggerates the absurdity of celebrating amidst suffering. Characters’ dramatic reactions to minor events Emphasizes the heightened emotions and tensions of war.
Personification
Movie Scene Device Example The city itself as a living entity enduring war Represents the collective experience of the inhabitants. The underground shelter as a protective, yet imprisoning entity Symbolizes both safety and confinement during conflict .
Character Studies
Marko
Device Explanation Irony Marko’s outward heroism versus his deceitful actions. Symbolism His manipulation of the underground world reflects his control over hidden truths.
Blacky
Device Explanation Allegory Represents the common man’s struggle and resistance. Juxtaposition His fierce patriotism against the backdrop of his personal flaws.
Natalija
Device Explanation Satire Her role as a love interest amidst political chaos. Symbolism Her shifting loyalties symbolize the instability of wartime alliances.
Character Dynamics
Relationship Explanation Marko and Blacky Their friendship and betrayal drive the narrative and reflect larger political themes. Blacky and Natalija Their tumultuous relationship highlights personal and political conflicts.
War and Conflict
Device Explanation Symbolism The underground bunker symbolizes hidden truths of war. Irony Celebrating false victories to underscore the absurdity of war.
Betrayal and Deceit
Device Explanation Allegory Marko’s betrayal as a reflection of political deceit. Flashback Revisiting past events to reveal hidden betrayals.
Survival and Resistance
Device Explanation Metaphor The underground as a metaphor for survival. Juxtaposition Contrasting scenes of resistance and normal life to highlight the resilience of the human spirit.
Visual and Sound Techniques
Literary Device Technique Explanation Symbolism Use of lighting and shadows Highlights the hidden aspects of the characters’ lives. Irony Contrasting music choices Emphasizes the absurdity of certain scenes.
Key Scene 1: The Wedding Party
YouTube Link: The Wedding Party Scene Breakdown: This scene uses irony and symbolism to highlight the contrast between celebration and the looming war.
Key Scene 2: The Zoo Escape
YouTube Link: Zoo Escape Scene Breakdown: Symbolizes the chaos of war and the loss of control over the natural order.
Interactive Multiple Choice Quiz
What does the underground bunker symbolize in the film?
A) Hidden truths
B) Wealth
C) Freedom
D) Power
Which literary device is used when the characters celebrate false victories?
How does Marko’s character symbolize political deceit?
A) Through his bravery
B) Through his manipulation
C) Through his loyalty
D) Through his honesty
Which theme is highlighted by the relationship between Blacky and Natalija?
A) Love
B) War
C) Betrayal
D) Freedom
What does the zoo escape scene symbolize?
A) Victory
B) Chaos and loss of control
C) Peace
D) Wealth
