“Mr. Smith Goes to Washington” (1939) is a classic American film directed by Frank Capra. Starring James Stewart as the idealistic Jefferson Smith, the movie tells the story of a naive young senator who fights against political corruption in Washington, D.C. The film is celebrated for its timeless themes of democracy, integrity, and perseverance. 🌟
The film employs a variety of literary devices to enhance its narrative and deepen its impact. Here are ten devices with examples:
Irony
Movie Scene Device Example Jefferson Smith’s first Senate speech Smith’s idealistic vision of Washington contrasts sharply with the reality of political corruption. Senator Paine’s betrayal Paine’s portrayal as a mentor turns ironic when he betrays Smith.
Symbolism
Movie Scene Device Example The Lincoln Memorial Represents the ideals of democracy and justice that Smith aspires to. Smith’s boy ranger pin Symbolizes innocence and the potential for change.
Foreshadowing
Movie Scene Device Example Smith’s awe at the Capitol Hints at his future disillusionment with the government. Early praise of Senator Paine Sets up his later betrayal.
Satire
Movie Scene Device Example Media portrayal of Smith Critiques how the media manipulates public perception. Political machinations Exposes the absurdity of political corruption.
Allegory
Movie Scene Device Example Smith’s filibuster Represents the fight for justice against overwhelming odds. The lost cause speech Reflects the struggle for democracy in the face of corruption.
Allusion
Movie Scene Device Example References to American history Enhances the patriotic theme of the film. Smith’s quoting of Lincoln Connects his struggle to historical figures of integrity.
Pathos
Movie Scene Device Example Smith’s breakdown Evokes sympathy and emotional engagement from the audience. The boys rallying for Smith Stirring emotional support for his cause.
Hyperbole
Movie Scene Device Example Depiction of Smith’s naivety Exaggerates his innocence to highlight his purity. The scale of corruption Emphasizes the widespread nature of the political corruption he faces.
Paradox
Movie Scene Device Example Smith’s belief in the goodness of people Contradicts the corruption he uncovers. Senator Paine’s duality Paine is both a revered leader and a corrupt politician.
Juxtaposition
Movie Scene Device Example Smith’s integrity vs. political corruption Highlights the contrast between good and evil. The humble boy camp vs. the grandiose Capitol Emphasizes the disparity between Smith’s world and Washington’s reality.
Character Studies
Jefferson Smith
Device Explanation Irony Smith’s naive belief in the system turns ironic as he confronts its flaws. Pathos His heartfelt speeches and emotional breakdowns evoke deep empathy.
Senator Paine
Device Explanation Juxtaposition His public image as a virtuous leader is contrasted with his private corruption. Irony His initial mentorship of Smith turns into betrayal.
Clarissa Saunders
Device Explanation Satire Her cynicism towards politics satirizes the disillusionment with the system. Allegory Her support for Smith symbolizes the potential for redemption and change.
Character Dynamics
The relationships between the characters are crucial in driving the narrative and exploring the themes of the film.
Smith and Paine : Their relationship evolves from mentor-protégé to adversaries, underscoring the theme of betrayal and integrity.Smith and Saunders : Saunders’ transformation from cynicism to support highlights the theme of hope and change.Smith and the Boy Rangers : This relationship embodies the purity and potential of youth, reinforcing the film’s optimistic outlook.
Corruption and Integrity
Device Explanation Irony The idealistic Smith confronts the corrupt reality of politics. Allegory Smith’s struggle symbolizes the fight for integrity in a corrupt system.
Democracy and Justice
Device Explanation Symbolism The Lincoln Memorial represents the ideals of democracy and justice. Pathos Smith’s emotional appeals underscore the importance of democratic values.
Hope and Perseverance
Device Explanation Hyperbole The extreme lengths Smith goes to in his filibuster highlight his determination. Juxtaposition The contrast between Smith’s humble beginnings and the grandeur of the Capitol emphasizes his perseverance.
Literary Device Technique Explanation Symbolism Visuals of the Lincoln Memorial Reinforce the theme of democracy and justice. Pathos Close-up shots of Smith Emphasize his emotional appeals and innocence. Satire Media montages Critique the manipulation of public perception.
Smith’s Filibuster
Link: Smith’s Filibuster 🎬Breakdown: This scene showcases Smith’s determination and the use of hyperbole to emphasize his struggle. The close-ups and emotional appeals create a powerful impact, highlighting the themes of perseverance and integrity.
The Lincoln Memorial Visit
Link: Lincoln Memorial Scene 🏛️Breakdown: The symbolism of the Lincoln Memorial is central to this scene, representing the ideals Smith aspires to. The visual grandeur of the monument contrasts with the political corruption he faces, reinforcing the theme of democracy.
To test your understanding of the literary devices used in “Mr. Smith Goes to Washington,” take this interactive quiz:
Which literary device is primarily used in Smith’s filibuster scene?
What does the Lincoln Memorial symbolize in the film?
A) Political corruption
B) Democracy and justice
C) Smith’s naivety
D) Media manipulation
How is irony depicted through Senator Paine’s character?
A) His idealistic speeches
B) His betrayal of Smith
C) His support for democracy
D) His relationship with Saunders
What theme is highlighted through the relationship between Smith and the Boy Rangers?
A) Corruption
B) Cynicism
C) Hope and potential
D) Betrayal
Answer Key: 1-D, 2-B, 3-B, 4-C
