“M” (1931) is a classic German thriller directed by Fritz Lang, often hailed as one of the greatest films ever made. This masterpiece delves into the dark and eerie world of a child murderer in Berlin, capturing the tension and paranoia of a city on edge. With its groundbreaking use of sound and visual storytelling, “M” remains a pivotal work in the history of cinema.
Movie Scene Device Example The opening scene with children singing a creepy song Foreshadowing The beggars network’s systematic surveillance Irony Hans Beckert’s reflection in a store window Symbolism The use of shadows to depict Beckert’s presence Imagery The parallel editing of the police and criminals’ investigations Juxtaposition Beckert’s monologue about his compulsion Stream of Consciousness The city-wide manhunt portrayed through quick cuts Montage The whistling of “In the Hall of the Mountain King” Motif The kangaroo court held by the criminals Satire Beckert’s final plea for understanding Pathos
Foreshadowing
Movie Scene Device Example The opening scene with children singing a creepy song This song hints at the impending danger of the child murderer. Beckert’s shadow falling over a “WANTED” poster Signals his identity as the killer before he’s revealed.
Irony
Movie Scene Device Example The beggars network’s systematic surveillance Beggars, typically seen as powerless, hold significant power here. Beckert hiding among blind beggars A sightless community helps capture a murderer who preys on children.
Symbolism
Movie Scene Device Example Hans Beckert’s reflection in a store window Reflects his dual identity – outwardly normal, inwardly monstrous. The balloon caught in the power lines Represents the innocence and life cut short by Beckert’s actions.
Imagery
Movie Scene Device Example The use of shadows to depict Beckert’s presence Creates a haunting, ominous atmosphere . The empty streets of Berlin at night Emphasizes the isolation and fear within the community.
Juxtaposition
Movie Scene Device Example The parallel editing of the police and criminals’ investigations Highlights the blurred lines between law and crime. The orderly world of the police vs. the chaotic underworld of criminals Shows differing approaches to justice and order.
Stream of Consciousness
Movie Scene Device Example Beckert’s monologue about his compulsion Provides insight into his disturbed mind. The voices in Beckert’s head during his breakdown Illustrates his inner turmoil and loss of control.
Montage
Movie Scene Device Example The city-wide manhunt portrayed through quick cuts Builds tension and conveys the widespread panic. The investigation sequence with various suspects Demonstrates the exhaustive efforts to catch the killer .
Motif
Movie Scene Device Example The whistling of “In the Hall of the Mountain King” Beckert’s whistling becomes a recurring signal of his presence. The recurring use of clocks and time Highlights the urgency and relentless passage of time.
Satire
Movie Scene Device Example The kangaroo court held by the criminals Critiques the legal system and societal judgment. The media frenzy surrounding the case Comments on sensationalism and public hysteria.
Pathos
Movie Scene Device Example Beckert’s final plea for understanding Evokes sympathy and complicates the audience’s feelings towards him. The grieving mothers of the murdered children Stirs deep emotional responses and highlights the tragedy .
Hans Beckert
Literary Device Explanation Symbolism Beckert’s reflection symbolizes his duality, embodying both normalcy and monstrosity. Motif His whistling signifies his uncontrollable compulsion, marking his presence ominously.
Inspector Lohmann
Literary Device Explanation Juxtaposition His methodical approach contrasts with the chaotic criminal underworld, highlighting different facets of justice. Irony Despite his authority, he relies on the criminal network to capture Beckert.
The Criminal Underworld
Literary Device Explanation Satire Their mock trial criticizes the official legal system and societal hypocrisy. Imagery Their dark, shadowy world contrasts with the orderly police force, emphasizing their role in maintaining a different kind of order.
Justice and Law
Literary Device Explanation Juxtaposition Contrasting police and criminal investigations shows differing justice systems. Satire The criminals’ kangaroo court mocks traditional legal procedures, questioning their effectiveness.
Fear and Paranoia
Literary Device Explanation Imagery The dark, empty streets evoke a sense of fear and isolation. Montage Rapid cuts during the manhunt sequence build a tense, paranoid atmosphere .
The Duality of Human Nature
Literary Device Explanation Symbolism Beckert’s reflection symbolizes his internal conflict and duality. Motif The recurring whistling highlights his uncontrollable, dark impulses.
Visual and Sound Techniques
Literary Device Technique Explanation Symbolism Visual Reflections Beckert’s reflection in windows and mirrors emphasizes his dual nature. Motif Sound Design The recurring whistling motif is both a narrative and auditory cue for Beckert’s presence. Imagery Lighting and Shadows The extensive use of shadows enhances the film’s dark, ominous tone . Montage Editing Quick cuts during key sequences create tension and convey the urgency of the manhunt.
Scene 1: Beckert’s Monologue
YouTube Link: Beckert’s Monologue Breakdown: Beckert’s desperate plea for understanding in the kangaroo court reveals his inner turmoil, utilizing stream of consciousness and pathos to evoke a complex emotional response from the audience.
Scene 2: The City-Wide Manhunt
YouTube Link: City-Wide Manhunt Breakdown: The frantic search for the child murderer, depicted through rapid montage and juxtaposition , builds tension and portrays the widespread fear and urgency in Berlin.
Interactive Multiple Choice Quiz:
What literary device is used when Beckert’s shadow appears over the “WANTED” poster?
Which device is exemplified by Beckert’s whistling?
How does the film critique the legal system?
A) Through Beckert’s final plea
B) Through the kangaroo court held by criminals
C) Through the police investigation methods
