“Anatomy of a Murder,” directed by Otto Preminger and released in 1959, is a courtroom drama that stands the test of time. Adapted from the novel by Robert Traver, the film follows lawyer Paul Biegler (played by James Stewart) as he defends Army Lt. Manion (Ben Gazzara) who is accused of murdering a man who allegedly raped his wife Laura (Lee Remick). The movie is renowned for its exploration of legal and moral ambiguities, and its intricate narrative is rich with literary devices that enhance its storytelling.
Metaphor
Movie Scene Device Example Biegler describing the courtroom as a battlefield “This is a battleground where the weapons are words.” Manion’s defense as a shield “Our defense must be as solid as a shield.”
Irony
Movie Scene Device Example Biegler cross-examining Mary Pilant, who is actually helping his case Situational irony : Mary Pilant’s revelation aids the defense. Lt. Manion claiming insanity while appearing calm and calculated Dramatic irony : Audience doubts his insanity plea.
Foreshadowing
Movie Scene Device Example Laura’s initial flirtatious behavior hints at her complex nature “You’re a man who likes a challenge, Mr. Biegler.” The opening sequence with the murder hints at the complex motivations behind it The shadowy figure and gunshots suggest deeper secrets.
Symbolism
Movie Scene Device Example The fishing trip scenes symbolize Biegler’s search for truth Biegler fishing alone, pondering the case. The bar where the crime happened represents hidden truths Dark, dimly lit setting reflecting concealed motives.
Allusion
Movie Scene Device Example Biegler quoting Shakespeare in court “The truth is rarely pure and never simple.” References to legal precedents Mentioning famous cases to bolster arguments.
Dialogue
Movie Scene Device Example Biegler’s witty exchanges with the judge Clever wordplay and repartees. Laura’s provocative conversations Revealing her manipulative side through suggestive language.
Flashback
Movie Scene Device Example Manion recounting the night of the murder Visual flashbacks to the crime scene. Laura’s description of the assault Vivid flashback sequences enhancing her testimony.
Allegory
Movie Scene Device Example The trial as a microcosm of justiceEach character representing different aspects of justice and morality. The lawyer-client relationship as a trust test Allegorical representation of faith in the legal system.
Motif
Movie Scene Device Example The repeated theme of music Jazz music playing throughout the film, symbolizing chaos and order. Biegler’s fishing Symbolizing his methodical and patient nature.
Juxtaposition
Movie Scene Device Example The serene courtroom vs. the chaotic events outside Highlighting the contrast between law and disorder. Laura’s glamorous appearance vs. her tragic story Emphasizing the complexity of her character.
Character Studies
Paul Biegler
Literary Device Explanation Dialogue Biegler’s witty and sharp exchanges reveal his intelligence and experience. Symbolism His fishing trips symbolize his patient and methodical nature in uncovering the truth.
Laura Manion
Literary Device Explanation Irony Her flirtatious demeanor contrasts with her tragic story, creating dramatic tension. Metaphor Described as a “wild card,” her unpredictable nature is central to the plot .
Lt. Manion
Literary Device Explanation Flashback His recounting of the murder night provides insight into his mental state. Juxtaposition His calm appearance vs. his violent actions create a complex character study.
Character Dynamics
The relationship between Paul Biegler and Lt. Manion is crucial in driving the narrative . Biegler’s professional dedication contrasts with Manion’s unpredictability, highlighting themes of trust and justice. Laura’s interactions with both men further complicate the dynamics, revealing deeper layers of manipulation and vulnerability.
Justice and Morality
Literary Device Explanation Allegory The trial represents broader themes of justice and morality in society.Dialogue Characters’ discussions often revolve around moral ambiguities and ethical dilemmas.
Truth and Deception
Literary Device Explanation Irony The discrepancies between what is said and what is true reveal the film’s exploration of truth. Flashback Visual recounts of events provide contrasting perspectives on the truth.
Power and Manipulation
Literary Device Explanation Metaphor The courtroom as a battlefield where power dynamics play out. Juxtaposition The power struggles between Biegler and the prosecution highlight manipulation tactics.
Visual and Sound Techniques
Literary Device Technique Explanation Foreshadowing Lighting and shadows The use of shadows in the opening scene hints at hidden truths. Symbolism Color palette The dark, muted tones of the bar symbolize hidden motives and secrets. Irony Soundtrack The juxtaposition of light jazz music with tense courtroom scenes enhances ironic contrasts.
Scene Selection
Opening Scene
YouTube Link: Anatomy of a Murder Opening Scene
Scene Breakdown:
Foreshadowing :Irony :setting contrasts with the violent event, highlighting dramatic irony .
Courtroom Revelation Scene
YouTube Link: Courtroom Revelation Scene
Scene Breakdown:
Symbolism :Dialogue :plot .
Final Verdict Scene
YouTube Link: Final Verdict Scene
Scene Breakdown:
Metaphor :Irony :
Interactive Quiz
Question 1: What literary device is primarily used when Biegler compares the courtroom to a battlefield?
Question 2: Which character’s dialogue is rich with irony and contradiction?
A) Paul Biegler
B) Laura Manion
C) Lt. Manion
D) Mary Pilant
Question 3: Which visual technique is used to enhance the theme of deception in the film?
A) Lighting and shadows
B) Color palette
C) Soundtrack
D) Camera angles
Question 4: How does the soundtrack contribute to the film’s ironic contrasts?
A) By using classical music in tense scenes
B) By juxtaposing light jazz music with courtroom drama
C) By matching the mood of each scene
D) By using silence to create tension
