By Archibald MacLeish
Archibald MacLeish’s “J.B. A Play in Verse” is a profound exploration of human suffering and faith, presented in the form of a dramatic poem. Set against the backdrop of modern times, it delves into timeless questions about the nature of God, suffering, and the human spirit.
Plot Summary
“J.B. A Play in Verse” unfolds with the prosperous and devout J.B., whose life takes a tragic turn when he loses everything dear to him in a series of calamities. These events mirror the biblical story of Job, challenging J.B.’s faith and understanding of divine justice. The play escalates through intense dialogue and introspection, culminating in a powerful resolution that offers profound insights into human resilience and the mysteries of existence.
Character Analysis
- J.B.: Initially depicted as a successful businessman and devout believer, J.B. undergoes a profound transformation as he grapples with immense suffering. His journey explores themes of faith and doubt.
- Sarah: J.B.’s supportive wife who also endures great loss, Sarah serves as a beacon of strength and empathy in the face of adversity.
- Zophar, Eliphaz, and Bildad: Representing J.B.’s friends who debate the reasons behind his suffering, they embody different theological perspectives and serve as foils to J.B.’s journey.
| Character | Personality | Motivation | Development |
|---|---|---|---|
| J.B. | Devout, resilient | Understanding divine justice | Transforms from certainty to questioning |
| Sarah | Supportive, empathetic | Maintaining faith and love | Strength deepens amidst tragedy |
| Zophar, Eliphaz, Bildad | Dogmatic, theological | Explaining suffering | Challenge and evolve their views |
Themes and Symbols
- Faith vs. Doubt: The central theme explores the struggle between faith in divine justice and doubt amidst suffering.
- Theodicy: Examining the problem of evil and the nature of God’s justice in a world of human suffering.
- The Whirlwind: Symbolizes the overwhelming force of life’s challenges and the divine presence in adversity.
Style and Tone
- Poetic Verse: MacLeish’s use of verse creates a lyrical and reflective tone, enhancing emotional depth.
- Modernist Influence: Reflects a blend of modernist themes with classical theatrical elements, offering a unique dramatic experience.
- Dramatic Dialogue: Intense exchanges between characters intensify the philosophical and emotional impact.
Literary Devices used in J.B. A Play in Verse
Literary Devices used in J.B. A Play in Verse
- Allusion: References to biblical narratives enrich the thematic depth.
- Irony: Contrasts between expectations and outcomes highlight existential themes.
- Symbolism: Objects like the whirlwind symbolize larger philosophical ideas.
Literary Devices Examples
Allusion
| Example | Explanation |
|---|---|
| “Like Job of old…” | Alludes to the biblical figure, paralleling J.B.’s suffering. |
| “Eyes deeper than the abyss…” | Evokes biblical imagery of profound insight and despair. |
Irony
| Example | Explanation |
|---|---|
| J.B.’s initial prosperity and faith | Ironically contrasted with his later losses and doubt. |
| The friends’ attempts to comfort | Ironically exacerbate J.B.’s theological crisis. |
Symbolism
| Example | Explanation |
|---|---|
| The Whirlwind | Symbolizes the overwhelming force of life’s challenges and the divine presence. |
| J.B.’s ashes | Symbolize purification and renewal amidst devastation. |
J.B. A Play in Verse – FAQs
- What is the central theme of J.B. A Play in Verse?
The play explores the themes of faith, suffering, and divine justice. - How does J.B. A Play in Verse differ from the biblical story of Job?
While inspired by Job, MacLeish’s play modernizes the narrative and explores contemporary existential questions.
Quiz
| Question | Options | Answer |
|---|---|---|
| What literary form is J.B. A Play in Verse written in? | A. Novel | B. Play in verse |
| Who does J.B. represent in the narrative? | A. A shepherd | B. A king |
| What is the symbolic significance of the whirlwind in the play? | A. Chaos and confusion | B. Divine presence |
Exercise
Identify the literary devices used in the following passage from J.B. A Play in Verse:
"Out of this whirlwind speak: the whirlwind who
Circled and swept him out of nothingness
To nothingness."Answers: