Introduction
Welcome to the bustling world of John Dos Passos‘s “The Big Money,” the third and final installment of his renowned U.S.A. trilogy! 📚✨ Set against the vibrant yet tumultuous backdrop of early 20th-century America, this literary masterpiece dives deep into the lives and struggles of various characters navigating through the era’s significant socio-political changes.
John Dos Passos, an iconic figure in American literature, masterfully combines fiction with interspersed biographies and newsreels, creating a unique narrative style that vividly captures the essence of American life and society during this period. Born in 1896, Dos Passos’s works are often celebrated for their innovative techniques and incisive social critique, making him a pivotal figure in the modernist movement.
“The Big Money” falls under the genre of social and historical fiction, offering readers a panoramic view of America’s landscape during the roaring twenties and the Great Depression. Through its intricate storytelling and multi-faceted approach, the novel explores themes of ambition, disillusionment, and the relentless pursuit of the American Dream, making it a compelling read for anyone fascinated by the complexities of historical and societal evolution. 🏙️🇺🇸
Stay tuned as we dive deeper into the world Dos Passos has crafted, unraveling the plot, characters, themes, and much more that make “The Big Money” a timeless piece of literature.
Plot Summary
“The Big Money” intricately weaves the stories of several characters, painting a vivid picture of America’s social, economic, and political landscapes during the 1920s and early 1930s. Here’s a breakdown of the main events:
Exposition — The novel sets the stage by introducing a diverse cast of characters, each representing different facets of American society. From ambitious young men and women seeking fortune in the big city to veterans of the Great War struggling to find their place in a rapidly changing world, the novel lays the groundwork for exploring the American Dream’s complexities and contradictions.
Rising Action — As the characters navigate the challenges and opportunities of the era, their paths cross in unexpected ways, highlighting the interconnectedness of individual fortunes and societal shifts. The rise of industrialization, the shadow of the Great War, and the lure of new freedoms and consumer luxuries drive their ambitions and dilemmas.
Climax — The climax unfolds against the backdrop of the stock market crash of 1929 and the ensuing Great Depression, drastically altering the characters’ lives and aspirations. The stark realities of economic hardship test their resilience, ideals, and relationships, bringing their deepest fears and desires to the forefront.
Falling Action — In the aftermath of the crash, the characters face the consequences of their choices and the limitations of their dreams. Their personal struggles reflect the broader disillusionment of a nation grappling with unprecedented economic and social upheaval.
Resolution — The novel concludes with a reflective tone, pondering the meanings of success and failure in the face of the big money. While some characters find new paths forward, others remain trapped by the past or the elusive promises of prosperity. The resolution leaves readers with a poignant commentary on the American Dream’s enduring allure and elusive nature.
Through this sweeping narrative, “The Big Money” captures the spirit of an era marked by extreme highs and lows, exploring the depths of human ambition and the harsh realities of societal progress.
Character Analysis
“The Big Money” brings to life an ensemble of characters, each richly detailed and complex, embodying the hopes, struggles, and disillusionments of the American Dream. Here’s a closer look at some of the main characters:
Charley Anderson — A talented but flawed aviator and engineer, Charley’s rise and fall symbolize the volatile nature of the American Dream. Initially a war hero, his success spirals into a tale of excess, reflecting the era’s materialistic allure and its eventual hollowness.
Mary French — A dedicated journalist and activist, Mary embodies the novel’s social conscience. Her commitment to social causes and her efforts to balance personal relationships with her professional and activist life highlight the struggles of women seeking fulfillment and identity beyond traditional roles.
Margo Dowling — Starting as a small-town girl with big-city dreams, Margo’s journey into the world of movies and Broadway illustrates the transformative but also exploitative nature of fame and success in the entertainment industry.
Richard Ellsworth Savage — Savage’s story delves into the psyche of the American businessman, exploring themes of ambition, moral compromise, and the relentless pursuit of success at any cost. His character arc provides critical insights into the business world’s impact on personal integrity and social relationships.
Daugherty (Doc) — As a representation of the medical profession and its challenges during the era, Doc’s experiences raise questions about ethics, the pursuit of knowledge, and the human cost of scientific progress.
J. Ward Moorehouse — A public relations executive, Moorehouse’s career trajectory exemplifies the power of media and communication in shaping public opinion and the notion of success. His character explores the intersection between power, propaganda, and the American Dream.
Eleanor Stoddard — Eleanor’s ambitions and achievements in the world of interior design and architecture reflect the novel’s exploration of art, beauty, and commercial success. Her character underscores the challenges women face in asserting their creativity and business acumen in a male-dominated society.
| Character | Personality | Motivations | Development |
|---|---|---|---|
| Charley Anderson | Talented, impulsive, flawed | Success, recognition, thrill | Rise and fall, realization of excess |
| Mary French | Dedicated, idealistic, compassionate | Social justice, personal fulfillment | Balancing activism with personal life |
| Margo Dowling | Ambitious, naïve, resilient | Fame, escape from mediocrity | Transformation, exploitation by fame |
| Richard Ellsworth Savage | Ambitious, morally flexible, introspective | Power, success | Moral dilemmas, cost of ambition |
| Daugherty (Doc) | Ethical, curious, conflicted | Medical advancement, ethics | Ethical challenges in science |
| J. Ward Moorehouse | Persuasive, ambitious, manipulative | Influence, success | Power of media, ethical compromises |
| Eleanor Stoddard | Creative, ambitious, independent | Artistic and commercial success | Navigating creativity and commerce |
These character analyses reveal the rich tapestry of human experiences and societal reflections Dos Passos offers in “The Big Money,” providing a multifaceted look at the American Dream’s complexities and contradictions.
Themes and Symbols
“The Big Money” is rich with themes and symbols that delve into the American psyche and the socio-economic landscape of the early 20th century. Here’s a look at some of the most prominent ones:
The American Dream — The pursuit of wealth, success, and social mobility runs through the heart of the novel, questioning the viability and morality of the American Dream. Through the characters’ varied journeys, Dos Passos critiques the dream’s promise of equality and opportunity in the face of societal and economic inequalities.
Capitalism and Consumerism — The novel scrutinizes the impacts of capitalism and consumerism on society, portraying how the relentless pursuit of wealth and material goods often leads to moral decay, alienation, and a sense of emptiness. The characters’ interactions with the burgeoning consumer culture of the 1920s and the subsequent economic crash underscore the volatile nature of American capitalism.
War and Disillusionment — The aftermath of World War I looms over the characters, reflecting the broader disillusionment with the ideals and promises that led to the conflict. The war’s impact on the characters symbolizes the loss of innocence and the harsh awakening to the realities of the modern world.
Social Inequality and Justice — Through characters involved in labor movements and social activism, Dos Passos highlights the struggles for social justice and equality. The novel addresses issues of class, gender, and racial inequalities, showcasing the characters’ efforts to navigate and challenge these societal barriers.
Technology and Modernization — The rapid advancements in technology and industry are both celebrated and critiqued, illustrating the dual nature of progress. While technological innovations promise efficiency and prosperity, they also contribute to alienation, environmental degradation, and the widening gap between the rich and the poor.
Individualism vs. Collectivism — The tension between individual ambitions and the collective good is a recurring theme, exploring the conflict between personal success and social responsibility. Dos Passos’s characters grapple with their desires for personal achievement in the context of broader societal needs and upheavals.
By weaving these themes and symbols throughout the narrative, John Dos Passos presents a complex and critical portrait of American society during a period of significant change and upheaval, encouraging readers to reflect on the enduring issues of ambition, inequality, and the search for meaning in a capitalist society.
Style and Tone
John Dos Passos’s “The Big Money” is notable for its distinctive writing style and tone, which play crucial roles in conveying the novel’s themes and enhancing its narrative structure. Here’s an exploration of these elements:
- Innovative Narrative Structure — Dos Passos employs a unique narrative approach in “The Big Money,” intertwining traditional narrative prose with biographies of real historical figures and “Newsreel” sections composed of headlines, advertisements, and popular culture snippets from the era. This collage technique creates a multifaceted view of American society, reflecting the chaos and dynamism of the period.
- Stream of Consciousness — At times, the author uses a stream of consciousness technique to delve deep into the inner thoughts and emotions of his characters. This method adds a layer of psychological depth, allowing readers to engage with the characters’ complexities and vulnerabilities.
- Satirical Tone — The novel often adopts a satirical tone, especially when critiquing the excesses of capitalism, the hollow pursuit of the American Dream, and the societal obsession with success and material wealth. Dos Passos’s use of irony and satire sharpens his social commentary, making it both insightful and engaging.
- Sympathetic Realism — Despite its critical edge, the narrative also displays deep sympathy for its characters, treating their flaws and failures with understanding and compassion. This balanced portrayal emphasizes the humanity of individuals navigating the challenging socio-economic landscape of the time.
- Documentary Feel — Through the integration of factual and fictional elements, Dos Passos gives the novel a documentary-like feel, grounding its narratives in the historical realities of the 1920s and early 1930s. This blending of genres enhances the authenticity of the story, making the societal critiques more poignant.
- Varied Perspectives — The novel’s diverse cast of characters offers a wide range of perspectives, reflecting the multifaceted nature of American society. This diversity in viewpoint allows Dos Passos to explore different facets of the era’s socio-political landscape, from the highs of the Jazz Age to the lows of the Great Depression.
Through these stylistic and tonal choices, John Dos Passos crafts a novel that is as innovative in form as it is powerful in content, offering a richly textured portrayal of America during one of its most vibrant and volatile periods.
Literary Devices used in The Big Money
John Dos Passos employs a variety of literary devices in “The Big Money” to enrich the narrative and deepen the thematic concerns of the novel. Here are the top 10 devices used, along with explanations of their significance:
- Symbolism — Dos Passos uses symbols, such as machinery and advertisements, to critique the dehumanizing effects of industrialization and consumer culture. These symbols underscore the novel’s themes of alienation and the commodification of life.
- Irony — The use of irony, especially situational and dramatic, highlights the contradictions between the characters’ aspirations and the realities they face. This device is key in exposing the illusory nature of the American Dream and the disparities within American society.
- Foreshadowing — Through subtle hints and clues, Dos Passos foreshadows the economic downfall and personal failures that many characters will face. This device builds tension and underscores the theme of inevitable disillusionment.
- Stream of Consciousness — This technique immerses readers in the characters’ thoughts and feelings, providing intimate insights into their motivations and vulnerabilities. It reflects the complexity of human psychology and the impact of societal forces on individual lives.
- Juxtaposition — Dos Passos juxtaposes the lives of his characters against the backdrop of historical events and cultural shifts. This contrast highlights the disconnect between individual experiences and the larger societal narrative.
- Allusion — The novel is rich with allusions to historical figures, events, and literary works, situating the narrative within a broader cultural and historical context. These references enhance the depth and resonance of the story.
- Metaphor — Metaphors, such as the “big money” representing both opportunity and corruption, enrich the narrative by adding layers of meaning to the characters’ experiences and the societal critique.
- Parallelism — The parallel stories of different characters, though distinct, reflect common themes of ambition, loss, and the search for identity. This device emphasizes the collective aspects of the individual experiences.
- Repetition — Repetitive motifs and themes, such as the pursuit of success and the disillusionment it often brings, reinforce the novel’s critical stance on materialism and the American Dream.
- Imagery — Vivid imagery, particularly of urban landscapes and technological advancements, captures the era’s dynamism and the juxtaposition of progress and decay. This device enhances the novel’s atmospheric depth and thematic exploration.
These literary devices are integral to Dos Passos’s narrative strategy, weaving together individual and collective experiences to present a multifaceted portrait of American life during a period of rapid change and uncertainty.
Literary Device Examples
Let’s delve into examples and explanations for each of the top 10 literary devices used in “The Big Money” by John Dos Passos.
Symbolism
| Example | Explanation |
|---|---|
| The relentless march of machinery throughout the novel | Represents the dehumanizing effects of industrialization on individuals and society. |
| Advertisements and billboards | Symbolize the pervasive influence of consumer culture and the commodification of the American Dream. |
| The contrast between the bustling city and the quiet countryside | Highlights the divide between modernity and tradition, progress and loss. |
Irony
| Example | Explanation |
|---|---|
| Characters achieving financial success but feeling emotionally bankrupt | Highlights the ironic twist of the American Dream, where material gain often comes at the cost of personal fulfillment. |
| The optimistic beginning of the 1920s leading to the despair of the Great Depression | Illustrates the ironic cycle of economic booms and busts, questioning the stability of capitalist prosperity. |
Foreshadowing
| Example | Explanation |
|---|---|
| Early signs of economic instability ignored by characters | Suggests the impending crash and the characters’ unpreparedness for the hardship ahead. |
| Characters’ reckless decisions and excessive lifestyles | Hint at their eventual downfall, reflecting the unsustainable nature of their pursuits. |
Stream of Consciousness
| Example | Explanation |
|---|---|
| Internal monologues of characters facing personal crises | Provide a deep dive into their psyche, revealing inner conflicts and desires shaped by societal pressures. |
Juxtaposition
| Example | Explanation |
|---|---|
| The lives of wealthy characters set against those struggling financially | Emphasizes the stark inequalities within American society and the hollowness of wealth without empathy. |
Allusion
| Example | Explanation |
|---|---|
| References to historical events like the stock market crash | Situate the narrative within a real historical framework, adding depth and realism to the story. |
Metaphor
| Example | Explanation |
|---|---|
| “The Big Money” as both a beacon of hope and a source of corruption | Serves as a complex metaphor for the dual nature of American capitalism, offering both opportunities and pitfalls. |
Parallelism
| Example | Explanation |
|---|---|
| Parallel narratives of characters from different walks of life | Illustrate the universal impact of societal and economic forces, regardless of individual differences. |
Repetition
| Example | Explanation |
|---|---|
| Repeated themes of ambition and disillusionment | Reinforce the critical examination of the American Dream and the cycle of desire and disappointment. |
Imagery
| Example | Explanation |
|---|---|
| Descriptions of the bustling cityscape | Evokes the energy and chaos of urban life, contrasting with the characters’ internal struggles. |
These examples highlight how Dos Passos uses literary devices to build a rich and complex narrative that critiques American society and explores the multifaceted experiences of its characters.
The Big Money – FAQs
Q: What is “The Big Money” about?
A: “The Big Money” is the final installment of John Dos Passos’s U.S.A. trilogy, exploring the lives of several characters navigating the societal and economic turbulence of early 20th-century America. It critiques the American Dream, capitalism, and the socio-political landscape of the 1920s and early 1930s through a mix of fiction and factual narrative techniques.
Q: Who are the main characters in “The Big Money”?
A: The novel features a diverse cast, including Charley Anderson, an aviator and engineer; Mary French, a journalist and activist; Margo Dowling, an aspiring actress; and J. Ward Moorehouse, a public relations executive, among others. Each character represents different facets of American society and its values.
Q: How does John Dos Passos incorporate historical events into the novel?
A: Dos Passos uses a unique narrative structure that includes “Newsreel” sections and biographies of real historical figures to weave historical events into the fabric of the story, creating a rich, multi-layered depiction of the era.
Q: What themes are explored in “The Big Money”?
A: The novel delves into themes such as the American Dream, capitalism and consumerism, social inequality and justice, the impact of war and disillusionment, and the tension between individualism and collectivism.
Q: What is unique about Dos Passos’s writing style in “The Big Money”?
A: Dos Passos’s writing style is noted for its innovative narrative structure, combining fiction with elements of documentary, stream of consciousness techniques, and a mix of satirical and sympathetic tones to offer a comprehensive view of American life and culture.
Q: Can “The Big Money” be read as a standalone novel, or should it be read as part of the U.S.A. trilogy?
A: While “The Big Money” can be enjoyed on its own for its in-depth exploration of American society, reading it as part of the U.S.A. trilogy provides a fuller understanding of the themes, characters, and historical context Dos Passos develops throughout the series.
Q: What literary devices does Dos Passos use to convey his themes?
A: Dos Passos employs a variety of literary devices, including symbolism, irony, foreshadowing, juxtaposition, and imagery, to enrich the narrative and emphasize the novel’s themes and critiques.
Quiz
| Question | A | B | C | D |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| What is the primary setting of “The Big Money”? | The American Midwest | Early 20th-century America | Paris, France | Ancient Rome |
| Which character is known for their aviation skills? | Margo Dowling | J. Ward Moorehouse | Charley Anderson | Mary French |
| What narrative technique is NOT used by Dos Passos in the novel? | First-person narration | Stream of consciousness | Newsreel sections | Biographies of historical figures |
| Which theme is central to “The Big Money”? | The supernatural | Love and romance | The American Dream | Medieval chivalry |
| What does “The Big Money” critique most heavily? | Education systems | American Dream and capitalism | Environmental policies | Ancient philosophies |
| Which character is a journalist and activist? | Eleanor Stoddard | Richard Ellsworth Savage | Mary French | Daugherty (Doc) |
| What literary device is used to show the dehumanizing effects of industrialization? | Onomatopoeia | Symbolism | Hyperbole | Alliteration |
| How does Dos Passos incorporate historical events into the narrative? | Through dream sequences | By using “Newsreel” sections and biographies | Only through dialogue | By setting the novel in the future |
| What is a unique feature of Dos Passos’s writing style in the novel? | Rhyming couplets | The use of epic similes | Innovative narrative structure | Solely first-person narrative |
| Which character’s story highlights the illusions of fame? | J. Ward Moorehouse | Margo Dowling | Charley Anderson | Mary French |
Exercise
Identify the literary devices used in the following paragraph from “The Big Money”:
“As the wheels of the roaring twenties ground to a halt before the looming shadow of the Great Depression, the dreams of countless Americans teetered on the brink of despair. The bright lights of prosperity dimmed, leaving behind a trail of broken ambitions and unfulfilled promises. In the heart of the city, where skyscrapers stretched toward the heavens, the voices of the disillusioned echoed, a stark reminder of the fragility of the American Dream.”
Answers:
- Metaphor: “wheels of the roaring twenties” – Represents the era’s dynamic progress and eventual stop.
- Personification: “looming shadow of the Great Depression” – Gives the economic disaster a menacing, tangible presence.
- Imagery: “The bright lights of prosperity dimmed” – Visual imagery depicting the decline of wealth and hope.
- Symbolism: “trail of broken ambitions and unfulfilled promises” – Represents the widespread failure of the American Dream.
- Hyperbole: “skyscrapers stretched toward the heavens” – Exaggerates to emphasize the grand ambitions of the era.
- Alliteration: “voices of the disillusioned echoed” – The repetition of the ‘v’ sound enhances the auditory imagery of the scene.